08.07.14[每日一游] Hungary 匈牙利
旅行, 不必在乎目的地,在乎的是眼中的风景和看风景的心情……
[每日一游]带你游览世界每个角落,让爱旅游的你更加爱旅游,不爱旅游的你从此爱上旅游。
在这里,只要大家上传相关图片,合理的发表个人意见,
如果你去过了这些地方,
只要把心得说出来大爱分享或者介绍更加详细的内容,都有机会轻松获得积分.
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国名释义: 以民族名称命名。一般认为匈牙利的主要民族马扎尔族即匈牙利族。“匈牙利”的含意是“十个部落”。
这座城市不只有悠久的历史和丰富的古代遗产,还有好客人民。布达佩斯最大的吸引力在于她所保存的众多世界遗产:最大的国会大厦,最大的犹太教堂,随处可见的格特风格和巴洛克风格建筑,美丽的多瑙河,多达上百的温泉,星罗棋布的咖啡馆……
There is more to Budapest than fish soup, paprika (辣椒粉)and Zsa Zsa Gabor. With its multifarious (繁杂的)history, incredible architecture and rich cultural heritage, Hungary's capital has the justly deserved sobriquet (绰号)of ’the Paris of Central Europe', set apart from other Hungarian and European cities by its beauty. The city straddles a gentle curve in the mighty Danube River, the Buda hills rising dramatically on the west bank while the Pest district marks the start of the Great Plain to the east. The largest Hungarian city by a mile, Budapest is the heart, soul and memory of Hungary, with the Danube coursing through its veins(静脉,血管). The city has a complex identity, currently facing something of a crisis with the allure of modern Western luxury in conflict with the simple traditions of its Eastern European roots and penchant (强烈倾向)for all things classical.
匈牙利面积为93030平方公里。是位于欧洲中部的内陆国家,全境以平原为主,80%的国土海拔不足200米,属多瑙河中游平原。多瑙河以东的匈牙利大平原,面积约5万平方公里,还有西北部的小平原,大部海拔100-150米。山地不足五分之一,北部为喀尔巴阡山脉的一部分,海拔300-1,000米。北部山地的凯凯什峰为全国最高点,海拔1015米。西部外多瑙山地为阿尔卑斯山的余脉,一般海拔300-500米,最高科里什峰,海拔704米。包科尼山南麓的巴拉顿湖,为中欧最大湖泊。
山区森林茂密,有栎树、山毛榉、椴树等;平原有大片草原,发育有肥沃的黑土。重要河流为多瑙河及其支流蒂萨河。巴拉顿湖为最大淡水湖。属温带大陆性气候,平均气温1月-4~-2℃,7月20~22℃,年降水量480~800毫米,自西向东递减。东邻罗马尼亚,南接塞尔维亚,西与奥地利接壤,北与捷克、斯洛伐克、乌克兰为邻。铝土矿储量丰富,分布在外多瑙山地一带;还有煤、石油、天然气、铁、锰、铀等矿藏。全境三分之二地区有地下热水蕴藏。
The Castle District on Castle Hill is the premier destination for visitors and contains many of Budapest's most important monuments and museums, not to mention grand views of Pest across the snaking Danube. The walled area consists of two distinct parts: the Old Town where commoners lived in the Middle Ages, and the Royal Palace. Stroll around the medieval streets of the Old Town and and take in the odd museum. A brief tour in one of the horse-drawn hackney cabs(出租马车)is worthwhile for the leg weary. The Old Town is filled with attractively painted houses, decorative churches and the famous Fishermen's Bastion. The latter was built as a viewing platform in 1905, named after the guild(行会)of fishermen responsible for defending this stretch of wall in the Middle Ages. It has commanding views over the city, and is dominated by seven gleaming turrets(角楼,塔楼)(representing the seven Magyar tribes who entered the Carpathian Basin in the 9th century) and a statue of St Stephen on horseback. Immediately south of the Old Town is the Royal Palace.
匈牙利各式各样的城镇农村与多样化的自然环境十分地协调。位于阿尔卑斯山脚靠近奥地利边境的修普伦,是一个非常热门的旅游地点,该地以高品质的红葡萄酒、博物馆和完整的中世纪巴洛克风格的教堂和豪华宅院著名。
The Royal Palace has been burned, bombed, razed, rebuilt and redesigned at least half a dozen times over the past seven centuries. What you see today clinging to the southern end of Castle Hill is an 18th and early 20th-century amalgam(混合物)reconstructed after the last war. It houses, among other things, the impressive National Gallery (which has a huge section devoted to Hungarian art), the National Library and the Budapest History Museum. At the rear of the museum take a relaxing break in the palace gardens. Ferdinand Gate under the conical Mace Tower will bring you to a set of steps. These descend to a historic Turkish cemetery dating from the decisive Independence battle for Buda of 1686. To get to the Royal Palace, take the Sikló, a funicular(登山铁道)built in 1870 from Clark ádám, or for the more energetic, walk up the `Royal Steps' or the wide staircase that goes to the southern end of the Royal Palace.
帕农哈尔马有座一千多年前建立的修道院,被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。从13世纪保留下来的日耳曼式建筑物是在雅克镇的天主教教堂。另外有几个具有特色的小镇,如公元九世纪马扎尔人征服当地建立的西凯须菲海瓦是以前每位匈牙利国王加冕及埋葬的地点;位于多瑙河湾的艾斯特根是中世纪国王的城堡,那里的大教堂是匈牙利罗马天主教的中心;维塞格拉得有惊险陡峭的城堡风景。
多瑙河以西区域值得一游的有威斯普林市的城堡,城堡废墟则可在斯格利格特、耐吉瓦尼和塔塔镇饱览。塔塔邻近布达佩斯,靠山有丰富野生动物资源,是古代国王打猎休憩之地,近来成为受欢迎的度假地点;布达佩斯附近的圣坦德是艺术小镇,镇上有很多博物馆与教堂,带有浓厚地中海风情。喜爱城堡及历史的人可以到沙洛须波塔克走走。
佩奇,多瑙河西南的一个历史小镇,有许多土耳其时代留下来的圆顶方形建筑,乔纳伊瓷器的产地。许多王宫现在成为博物馆,拥有非常丰富的珍藏,炫耀过去光荣的历史。匈牙利三座最美的宫殿为:菲尔特的艾斯特哈斯宫殿,巴拉顿湖旁的菲斯特提奇宫殿和格德乐的格赛克维奇宫殿。
匈牙利10%的领土是自然保护区和国家公园。乡间休闲旅游在今日的匈牙利已成为最新最受欢迎的度假形态之一。匈牙利乡间有完善的村舍,提供单车旅行或是舒泡温泉等最佳的休闲去处。欧洲最大洞穴山脉别克山国家公园洞穴中曾发现史前时代人类的遗骨,巴拉德拉钟乳石灰岩洞被列为世界遗产,奇景浑然天成,美不胜收。匈牙利大平原上的朴斯塔是匈牙利有名的育马驯马中心,有马术表演举办,是属于和?O巴吉自然公园的一部份。森林、湖边及平原吸引了打猎、赏鸟、自然摄影家的兴趣。
匈牙利水资源很丰富,主要的河川有多瑙河、提萨河、巴拉顿湖及凡冷次湖等,观光客可以从事钓鱼或独木舟等水上休闲活动。匈牙利有欧洲最多疗效的温泉及医疗浴池,每年吸引数千万名的观光客前来。布达佩斯、朱拉和别克福尔度都可以享受到舒适的温泉医疗浴。别克福尔度的碳酸医疗泉世纪以来成为心脏病病人的圣地。匈牙利的海——中欧最大湖巴拉顿湖湖水浅,是全家戏水假日理想的休闲去处。提萨河是爱好动力船及喷射滑水者最喜爱的休闲去处。凡冷次湖和菲尔度湖及其环湖区域非常适合赏鸟及骑脚踏车兜风。欧洲最大的自然温泉湖在海维兹冬天温度仍能保持摄氏25℃,被风湿病及关节炎患者称为“希望之湖”。
