08.07.21[每日一游] VesuviusVolcano
维苏威火山
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Mount Vesuvius is a volcano east of Naples, Italy. It is the only volcano on the European mainland to have erupted within the last hundred years, although it is not currently erupting. Vesuvius is best known for its eruption in AD 79 that led to the destruction of the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. It has erupted many times since and is today regarded as one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world.
维苏威火山脚下的城镇
提起维苏威火山 (Vesuvius) ，相信知道它大名的人一定不少，它是意大利乃至全世界最著名的火山之一，位于那不勒斯市东南，海拔高度1281米。
维苏威火山在历史上多次喷发，最为著名的一次是公元79年的大规模喷发，灼热的火山碎屑流毁灭了当时极为繁华的拥有2万人口的庞贝古城，其它几个有名的海滨城市如赫库兰尼姆、斯塔比亚等也遭到严重破坏。
直到十八世纪中叶，考古学家才把庞贝古城从数米厚的火山灰中挖掘出来，那些古老的建筑和姿态各异的尸体都完好地保存着，这一史实已为世人熟知，庞贝古城至今仍是意大利著名的游览圣地。
最为有趣的是据记载，1944年维苏威火山再次喷发，从火山
庞贝城末日
顶部的中心部位流出熔岩，喷出的火山砾和火山渣高出山顶约200-500米，火山爆发的奇妙景观使得正在山下激战的同盟国军队与纳粹士兵停止了战斗，成千上万的士兵跑去观看这一大自然的奇观。
The Mount Vesuvius rank among the most explored and well known volcanoes on earth. On clear days one can see the silhouette of the gigantic mountains of the volcano from the whole Bay of Naples.
The volcano, "the hunchback" (in Napoli language: scartellato) is seen as a friendly companion by the people of Naples in spite of its destructive potentials.
在过去的五百年里，维苏威火山多次爆发，熔岩、火山灰、碎屑流、泥石流和致命气体夺去的生命不计其数。
维苏威火山过去被称为苏马山或索马山，其古老山地的边缘部分现呈半圆形。环绕于目前的火山口。
The Mount Vesuvius has been sleeping since 1944 under the watchful eyes of volcanologists, who regularly measure its temperature. Their observatory lies 608m high.
The incredible crater (Gran Cono) of the Vesuvius of nowadays has a diameter of 700m, a circumference of 12km and is 200m deep. In reality the volcano system, in general called the Vesuvius, comprises two volcanoes: The Monte Somma (dormant) and the Vesuvius (Gran Cono).
维苏威火山在1.2万年中不时喷发，火山口总是缭绕着缕缕上升的烟雾，散发热量足以点燃一张纸。山脚下遍布着果园和葡萄园，而火山上的坡则显得荒凉和险恶。
20世纪维苏威火山已发生了6次大规模的喷发。
The original volcano was probably destroyed by its eruption 79 A.D. when the streams of lava buried Pompeii and Herculaneum. At that time the volcano claimed thousands of lives and turned the idyllic, overgrown slopes into sand and ashes within only a few hours. Today's Vesuv with its 1182m arose from this eruption. The Monte Somma (1132m) in the north is probably a gigantic remnant of a volcano that developed in prehistoric times (25 000 years ago)
One can have a look at the single summitted Mount Vesuvius in the National Archaeological Museum in Naples. on a wall painting by Pompeii with a description by Vergils.
从高空俯瞰维苏威火山的全貌，那是一个漂亮的近圆形的火山口，正是公元79年那次大喷发形成的。维苏威山并不太高，走在火山渣上面脚底下还发出沙沙的声音。由于维苏威火山一直很活跃，因此后期形成的新火山上植被一直没有长出，看起来有点秃，而早期喷发形成的位于新火山外围的苏玛山(Mt. Somma)上已有了稀疏的树木。火山口边缘有铁栏杆围着，可以防止游人发生意外。站在火口缘上可以看清整个火山口的情况，火口深约一百多米，由黄、红褐色的固结熔岩和火山渣组成。从熔岩和火山灰的堆积情况还可看出维苏威火山经历了多次喷发，熔岩和火山灰经常交替出现。尽管自1944年以来维苏威火山没再出现喷发活动，但平时维苏威火山仍不时地有喷气现象，说明火山并未"死去"，只是处于休眠状态。维苏威火山何时再张开它的"大口"呢？
In the past the Vesuvius always errupted again. In 1631 all the settlements closeby the Vesuvius were destroyed. This is even more shocking when you call to mind that the settlements at the foot of the Vesuv are today again densely populated. It erupted again in 1794, 1906 and 1913. Between 1933 and 1944 the volcano activity eventually reached a new climax. Accompanied by numerous earthquakes the vulcano buried several houses and towns underneath more than 250 million cubic metre of lava. Even the cable car, that became so well known through the folk song Funiculì, funiculà, at the slopes of the Vesuvius, fell victim to the lava then.
位于火山附近的古色古香的维苏威火山观测站建于1845年，是世界上最早建立的火山观测站，里面的设施非常现代化，一楼大厅里有展板介绍有关火山的知识，三台触摸式电脑可模拟显示火山的喷发过程。观测站的一楼和地下一层还建有火山博物馆，陈列着各种形状的火山弹、火山灰等火山喷发物。玻璃柜中还展示着从庞贝古城挖掘出来的"石化人"，尽管已看不清他或她的面貌，但样子栩栩如生，都保持着死于当时火山喷发时的姿势。意大利的火山喷发多，民众的防灾意识较强，维苏威火山观测站起到了很好的宣传作用，周末时免费对公众开放，每年光接待师生就达10万人次。
给我们留下深刻印象的是活火山周围仍居住着上百万的人口，人们并未因害怕火山危险而远离火山，其实只要我们重视对火山的监测和研究，从而掌握了火山活动的规律并完善减灾措施，人类和大自然完全可以和睦相处，使火山也造福于人类。
Nowadays the Vesuvius is a very popular tourist attraction, even though know one knows when it will again awake from its sleep. New volcano erruptions can be predicted by volcanologists two weeks in advance.